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Tripoli ((アラビア語:طرابلس) / ALA-LC: ''Ṭarābulus''; Lebanese Arabic: ''Ṭrāblos'';〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trâblous: Lebanon )〕 (ギリシア語:Τρίπολις) / ''Tripolis''; (トルコ語:Trablusşam)) is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country. Situated north of the capital Beirut, it is the capital of the North Governorate and the Tripoli District. Tripoli overlooks the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and it is the easternmost seaport in Lebanon. It holds offshore a string of four small islands, the only surviving islands of Lebanon. The largest of these islands, the Island of Palm Trees, was declared a protected reserve by UNESCO in 1992 for its rich ecosystem of trees, green sea turtles, and exotic birds. With the history of Tripoli dating back to the 14th century BCE, it is home to the largest fortress in Lebanon (the Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles), and continues to be the second largest city (behind Cairo) in Mamluk architectural heritage. In ancient times, it was the center of a Phoenician confederation which included Tyre, Sidon and Arados, hence the name Tripoli, meaning "triple city" in Greek. Later, it was controlled successively by the Assyrian Empire, Persian Empire, Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Caliphate, the Seljuk Empire, Crusader States, the Mamluks, the Ottoman Empire and France. The Crusaders established the County of Tripoli there in the 12th century. With the formation of Lebanon, Tripoli, once equal in economic and commercial importance to Beirut, was cut off from its traditional trade relations with the Syrian interior and declined in relative prosperity.〔http://www.mafhoum.com/press10/312P1.htm〕 Tripoli borders the city of El Mina, the port of the Tripoli District, which it is geographically conjoined with to form the greater Tripoli conurbation. == Names and etymology == Tripoli had a number of different names as far back as the Phoenician age. In the Amarna letters the name "Derbly" was mentioned, and in other places "Ahlia" or "Wahlia" are mentioned (14th century BCE).〔Les Peuples Et Les Civilisations Du Proche Orient by Jawād Būlus. p. 308.〕 In an engraving concerning the invasion of Tripoli by the Assyrian King Ashurnasirpal II (888-859 BCE), it is called Mahallata or Mahlata, Mayza, and Kayza.〔Wanderings -2: History of the Jews by Chaim Potok. p. 169.〕 Under the Phoenicians, the name Athar was used to refer to Tripoli.〔''History of Syria, Including Lebanon and Palestine'' by Philip Khuri Hitti. p. 225.〕 When the Greeks settled in the city they called it "Tripoli", meaning "three cities".〔Lebanon in Pictures By Peter Roop, Sam Schultz, Margaret J. Goldstein. p. 17.〕 The Arabs called it a variety of names, including the Princedom of Tripoli, the State of Tripoli, and the Eastern Tripoli Kingdom. In addition, the names Tarabulus, or Atrabulus, and Tarablus al-Sham, were used. The Crusaders settled in Tripoli for about 180 years and made it the capital of the County of Tripoli. The city was also simply named "Triple". The city shares the same etymology "Tripolis" as its younger sister city, the Libyan capital Tripoli. Today, Tripoli is also known as al-Fayha'a, which is a term derived from the Arabic verb Faha which is used to indicate the diffusion of a scent or smell. Tripoli was best known for its vast orange orchards. During the season of blooming, the pollen of orange flowers is carried on the air, creating a splendid perfume which fills the city and suburbs, hence the name al-Fayha'a. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tripoli, Lebanon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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